As soon as this process of transformation has sufficiently decomposed
 the old society from top to bottom, as soon as the labourers are turned
 into proletarians, their means of labour into capital, as soon as the capitalist
 mode of production stands on its own feet, then the further socialisation
 of labour and further transformation of the land and other means of production
 into socially exploited and, therefore, common means of production, as
 well as the further expropriation of private proprietors, takes a new form.
 That which is now to be expropriated is no longer the labourer working for
 himself, but the capitalist exploiting many labourers. This expropriation
 is accomplished by the action of the immanent laws of capitalistic production
 itself, by the centralisation of capital. One capitalist always kills many.
 Hand in hand with this centralisation, or this expropriation of many capitalists
 by few, develop, on an ever-extending scale, the cooperative form of the
 labour process, the conscious technical application of science, the methodical
 cultivation of the soil, the transformation of the instruments of labour
 into instruments of labour only usable in common, the economising of all
 means of production by their use as means of production of combined, socialised
 labour, the entanglement of all peoples in the net of the world market,
 and with this, the international character of the capitalistic regime.
 Along with the constantly diminishing number of the magnates of capital,
 who usurp and monopolise all advantages of this process of transformation,
 grows the mass of misery, oppression, slavery, degradation, exploitation;
 but with this too grows the revolt of the working class, a class always
 increasing in numbers, and disciplined, united, organised by the very mechanism
 of the process of capitalist production itself. The monopoly of capital
 becomes a fetter upon the mode of production, which has sprung up and flourished
 along with, and under it. Centralisation of the means of production and
 socialisation of labour at last reach a point where they become incompatible
 with their capitalist integument. This integument is burst asunder. The
 knell of capitalist private property sounds. The expropriators are expropriated.